ICD-10-PCS root operations Occlusion, Restriction, and Dilation involve changing the diameter of a tubular body part. Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, and Angie Comfort, RHIT, CDIP, CCS, review the definitions of these root operations and examine when they should be used.
Both knee and shoulder replacement procedures include devices and fall under the ICD-10-PCS root operation Replacement (R). Mark Dominesey, RN, BSN, MBA, CCDS, CDIP, CHTS-CP, and Nena Scott, MSEd, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P , review the definition of a device in ICD-10-PCS and review how to code for shoulder and knee replacements.
Reporting codes for use, abuse, and dependence isn’t completely new for ICD-10-CM. Coders can report them in ICD-9-CM. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HSM, CCS-P, CPC-H, CPC-I , AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, reviews the meaning of use, abuse, and dependence and how to code these conditions.
Some conditions, such as gangrene due to diabetes, require two codes to correctly report in ICD-9-CM. In ICD-10-CM, coders will only need one code. Jennifer Avery, CCS, CPC-H, CPC, CPC-I, and William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP, explain how these combination codes act as their own CC or MCC in ICD-10-CM.
Q: We had a question regarding documentation in a record of SIRS due to acute peritonitis without sepsis. Our critical care physician on that case called it severe sepsis as well. What would you do in a situation like that?
Coders can only use the documentation they have to code in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM. Adelaide La Rosa, RN, BSN, CCDS, and Deborah Lantz, RHIA, discuss the importance of good documentation when coding for fractures and congestive heart failure in both systems.
Q: I’m in a little debate: Does documentation of the patient’s body mass index (BMI) need to come from an ancillary clinician, like the dietitian or nurse? I thought that we could use such ancillary documentation for clinical indicators supporting our physician query, but the treating physician needed to document the BMI. Can you help clarify this for me?
Pneumonia is an inflammatory process that affects the lung tissue. Robert S. Gold, MD , and Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HSM, CCS-P, CPC-H, CHA, explain the clinical and documentation pieces of pneumonia coding.
CMS’ 2015 IPPS proposed rule , released April 30, focuses on quality measures, such as the hospital-acquired condition (HAC) reduction, readmissions reduction, and hospital value-based purchasing and hospital readmissions reduction programs.
Healthcare facilities are subjected to a myriad of auditorswho scrutinize everything from how many units of a drug were billed to whether or not a patient actually needed to be admitted to the hospital. Trey La Charité, MD , explains how to turn every denial into a learning experience.
The American Hospital Association (AHA), along with four hospital associations and several hospitals, filed two complaints April 14 in opposition of CMS’ 2-midnight rule for inpatient admissions, according to an AHA press release.
Q: A patient is admitted with a high white blood count, tachycardia, tachypnea, and chills. The blood culture shows positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The attending physician documents MRSA sepsis in the progress notes. Antibiotics are changed based on the blood culture and the patient is treated with appropriate antibiotics. Due to poor vascular access, a central venous catheter (CVC) is inserted and antibiotics are infused through this access. The patient responded slowly to treatment and CVC access becomes red and inflamed. The catheter is removed and cultured. The physician documents this to be an infection due to MRSA. What’s the diagnosis code for this?
Four ICD-10-PCS root operations involve procedures that put in, put back, or move some or all of a body part. Gerri Walk, RHIA, CCS, and Mark Dominesey, RN, BSN, MBA, CCDS, CDIP, CHTS-CP, highlight the differences among Reattachment, Reposition, Transfer, and Transplantation.
Cheryl Ericson, MS, RN, CCDS, CDIP, discusses the difference between “after study” and “due to” when it comes to choosing the correct principal diagnosis .
Q: Our physicians document a diagnosis of pneumonia but do not normally make a specific connection with the patient's ventilator status, even when this is obvious from the record. For example, the patient's been on the ventilator support immediately prior to the diagnosis. Can I report this as ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICD-10-CM without the documentation specifically connecting the conditions?
On the surface, you may think that transitioning from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM for reporting schizophrenia, schizoid personality, and bipolar disorders is a dramatic change. However, Shelley C. Safian, PhD, CCS-P, CPC-H, CPC-I, reveals that with some minor adjustments, the change can be a smooth one.
In the wake of the latest ICD-10 implementation delay, coders and other healthcare professionals are looking for ways to continue with their implementation and training. They are also looking for ways to minimize the disruptions the delay may cause.
Plenty of uncertainty surrounds the ICD-10 implementation delay, but healthcare organizations shouldn’t put the brakes on their plans. Cheryl Ericson, MS, RN, CCDS, CDIP , William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP , Monica Lenahan, CCS , Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, and James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CDIP, offer thoughts on how to keep moving forward with ICD-10.
ICD-10-CM includes more specificity than ICD-9-CM, but it still includes unspecified codes. Adele Towers, MD, MPH, Joanne Schade-Boyce, BSDH, MS, CPC, ACS, PCS, Michael Gallagher, MD, MBA, MPH, Rhonda Buckholtz, CPC, CPMA, CPC-I, CGSC, COBGC, CPEDC, CENTC , and Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, explain when reporting an unspecified ICD-10-CM code is a good option.
ICD-10-CM provides many more combination codes for drug- and alcohol-related diagnoses than ICD-9-CM. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, CCS-P, CPC-H, CPC-I, explains how this could actually result in less work for coders.
CMS posted updated versions of all the guidance documents posted on the Inpatient Hospital Review site. The agency also posted a new document reviewing the status of the probe and educate audits, including examples of some of the errors the MACs have found in audits thus far.
Some of the most significant changes in cardiovascular coding in ICD-10-CM involve coding for myocardial infarctions (MI). Laura Legg, RHIT, CCS , and Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, review new guidelines and specificity involved in ICD-10-CM MI coding.
Coders may struggle to differentiate between ICD-10-PCS root operations Excision and Resection. Nena Scott, MSEd, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, and Mark Dominesey, RN, BSN, MBA, CCDS, CDIP, illustrate the details that will help coders arrive at the correct root operation.
Coders and clinicians seem to speak different languages. CDI specialists often serve as the translators between clinicians and coders, so it's important that all three groups work together. Cheryl Ericson, RN, MS, CCDS, CDIP , AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, Darice M. Grzybowski, MA, RHIA, FAHIMA , Jonathan Elion, MD, Kathy DeVault, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P , and William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP , offer tips for determining when to query.
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, discusses the increased clinical specificity required for coders to report strokes and transient ischemic attacks in ICD-10.
Coders may struggle to differentiate the ICD-10-PCS root operations excision and resection. Nena Scott, MSEd, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, and Mark Dominesey, RN, BSN, MBA, CCDS, CDIP, explain why excision is the root operation of choice for excisional debridement and sebaceous cyst removal.
When it comes to coding malnutrition, coders need to see very specific information in the physician documentation. James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP , and Mindy Hamilton, RD, LD, review the clinical factors for malnutrition and how to assign the correct ICD-9-CM codes.
CMS will conduct full end-to-end testing—from submission to remittance advice—with a select sample of providers in July. CMS first announced the decision in MLN Matters® SE1409 and provided additional details during the February 20 webcast, CMS ICD-10 Readiness.
Heather Taillon, RHIA, Cheryl Collins, BS, RN , and Andrea Clark, RHIA, CCS, CPC-H , explain the basic rules regarding principal diagnosis selection in general and for neoplasms in particular in ICD-9-CM.
Coders may need to have a conversation with physicians about how changes in ICD-10-CM could require additional documentation for mental disorders due to a known physiological condition. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, CCS-P, CPC-H, CPC-I , AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, compares coding for these conditions in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM.
Inpatient coders will have a new coding system on October 1, but they won’t have to learn new MS-DRGs. They aren’t changing. However, coders will see some shift in MS-DRG assignment in ICD-10. Donna M. Smith, RHIA, and Lori P. Jayne, RHIA, reveal why the MS-DRG shifts will occur.
ICD-10-PCS defines devices for coding purposes in a very specific way. Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, and Mark Dominesey, RN, BSN, MBA, CCDS, CDIP, CHTS-CP, explain how to assign the correct device character in ICD-10-PCS.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is delaying the launch of ICD-11 until 2017. The WHO did not formally announce a delay, but its website now lists ICD-11 as due by 2017.
Physicians can biopsy numerous body sites and structures, including muscles, organs, and fluids. Mark N. Dominesey, MBA, RN, CCDS, CDIP, and Nena Scott, MSEd, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, dig into biopsy coding in both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM.
Q: Does the physician have to document the stage of a decubitus ulcer or can it be a wound care nurse? Does that person have to document stage 1 or can he or she describe the wound?
Codes for epilepsy and migraine headaches are getting a makeover for ICD-10-CM. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, CCS-P, CPC-H, CPC-I, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, reviews the additional specificity in the new ICD-10-CM codes.
Decreased productivity isn’t the only looming concern with the transition to ICD-10. Scot Nemchik, CCS , and Rachel Chebeleu, MBA, RHIA , reveal why accuracy will be just as important as productivity.
Without the right details in the documentation, coders can’t assign the correct code and that becomes more apparent in ICD-10. Melanie Endicott, MBA/HCM, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P, FAHIMA, Paul Weygandt, MD, JD, MPH, MBA, CCS , Kathy DeVault, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, and Rhonda Buckholtz, CPC, CPMA, CPC-I, CGSC, COBGC, CPEDC, CENTC, highlight some areas coders and clinical documentation improvement specialists should focus on to prepare for ICD-10.
Q: Can you explain when a neoplasm should be listed as the principal diagnosis? We have some coders who believe the neoplasm should always be the principal diagnosis.
Coders are often in the difficult position of trying to determine whether to report a CC. William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP, and Kathy DeVault, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, discuss problems areas in documentation of CCs and what clinical indicators coders should use to help with CC reporting.
Drug-resistant bugs are becoming more common as antibiotic use increases. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, CPC-H, CPC-I, CCS-P , AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, explains why and how microbes become antibiotic resistant and compares ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding for these infections.
Recovery Auditors have identified substantial overpayments for inpatient psychiatric services directly following an acute care stay within the same facility, according to CMS’ MLN Matters® SE1401 .
Information that is not important for ICD-9-CM will take on new significance in ICD-10-CM. Rhonda Buckholtz, CPC, CPMA, CPC-I, CGSC, COBGC, CPEDC, CENTC, and Melanie Endicott, MBA/HCM, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P, review areas when specificity comes into play in ICD-10-CM.
ICD-10-PCS implementation is less than a year away, so the pressure is on coders to learn the new system and maintain productivity. Gerri Walk, RHIA, CCS-P, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, discusses how to overcome some of the challenges inpatient coders will face in ICD-10-PCS.
Q: In ICD-10-PCS, which root operation would we report for an obstetrical delivery? Would it change for a cesarean section versus a manually assisted vaginal delivery?
In ICD-10-PCS, coders will need to find details they currently don’t use. Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, COBGC, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, offers tips for locating the necessary information in the body of the operative report.
CMS released version 31 of the MS-DRG grouper for ICD-10 in November. Providers can use the grouper to identify MS-DRG shifts and payment changes under ICD-10. The Final ICD-10 MS-DRG v32 logic, which will be implemented on October 1, 2014, will be subject to rulema
Q: Can you ask a yes or no question in a query based on clinical information from a previous echocardiogram report or other diagnostic result from a previous admission?
The audit landscape continues to change as Recovery Auditors expand prepayment reviews and CMS implements its new 2-midnight rule. Debbie Mackaman, RHIA, CPCO, Ralph Wuebker, MD, MBA, and Kimberly Hoy Baker, JD, review some of the recent changes to audit focus areas.
Problems can occur anywhere along the alimentary canal or in any of the accessory organs. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, CCS-P, CPC-H, CPC-I, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, discusses some common diagnosis and procedure codes for digestive diseases and procedures.
Documentation and medical necessity continue to be scrutinized by payers and auditors. Debbie Mackaman, RHIA, CPCO, and Caral Edelberg, CPC, CPMA, CAC, CCS-P, CHC, explain how complete, accurate documentation of the entire patient encounter justifies the physician’s decision to admit.
CMS created a 2-midnight presumption and benchmark as part of the 2014 IPPS Final Rule as a way to clarify its guidelines for inpatient admission. However, the American Hospital Association (AHA) and American Medical Association (AMA) believe the clarification creates more confusion.
Q: What recommendation would you give to the coder when the clinical indicators in the chart do not support sepsis but it’s in the final diagnostic statement?
Some hospitals are incorrectly reporting lymphoma and leukemia MS-DRGs for patients who are admitted and treated for anemia and dehydration, according to the Medicare Quarterly Provider Compliance Newsletter .
Clinical queries serve a definitive purpose when documentation in the medical record is ambiguous, inconsistent, lacking specificity, or contradictory. Glenn Krauss, BBA, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPUR, FCS, PCS, CCDS, C-CDI, explains why documentation improvement initiatives and heightened coder awareness of the need to query can be an asset or liability.
Coders may find assigning codes for sepsis somewhat easier in ICD-10-CM, but they will still face some challenges. Ann Barta, MSA, RHIA, CDIP , and Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CCDS, detail how to report sepsis in ICD-10-CM.
When an error occurs in coding, sometimes the coders miscodes a record, but in others, the documentation is deficient, leading to incorrect code assignment. Joy Strong, PMP, Donielle Bailey, RHIA, and Jill M. Young, CPC, CEDC, CIMC, discuss how good documentation and accurate coding go hand in hand.
Physicians believe they are providing quality care, which gives them high job satisfaction. However, the problems associated with using electronic health records decreased that satisfaction, according to a recent RAND survey.
The ICD-10 implementation will result in a slowdown at every level of coding. Elaine O’Bleness, MBA, RHIA, CHP, Migdalia Hernandez, RHIT, Kimberly Carr, RHIT, CCS, CDIP, and Rachel Chebeleu, MBA, RHIA, provide suggestions on how to minimize that productivity decline.
A wound is an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other external or internal factor. Robert S. Gold, MD , and Gloria Miller, CPC, CPMA , review anatomy and documentation for wounds and explain how to code for wound care in ICD-9 and ICD-10.
Recovery Auditors are data mining for sepsis MS-DRGs and then focusing in on those with a short length of stay. Robert S. Gold, MD, and Gloryanne Bryant, BS, RHIA, RHIT, CCS, CDIP, CCDS, provide tips for correct sepsis coding to avoid auditor takebacks.
The ICD-10-PCS Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting address four specific circumstances when coders will report multiple procedures. Jennifer Avery, CCS, CPC-H, CPC, CPC-I, and Mark N. Dominesey, MBA, RN, CCDS, CDIP, HIT Pro-CP, explain the guidelines and how they differ from the current ICD-9-CM guidelines.
Approach is the fifth character in the ICD-10-PCS code. Laura Legg, RHIT, CCS, AHIMA-approved ICD-10 CM/PCS trainer , reviews the seven approaches used in ICD-10-PCS.
Coders will use an ICD-10-PCS table to build a code for a hip or knee replacement. As with any procedure, coders must first determine the root operation. Deborah Grider, CPC, CPC-I, CPC-H, CPC-P, CPMA, CEMC, CPCD, COBGC, CCS-P, CDIP, and Wanda L. Cidor, guide you through coding for these procedures.
In order for coders to report ICD-9-CM procedure code 96.72 (continuous invasive mechanical ventilation for 96 consecutive hours or more), the provider must document that the patient received more than 96 hours of continuous ventilation. A recent OIG report found that 96% of claims incorrectly included code 96.72 between 2009 and 2011.
Although ICD-10-CM resolves some problematic areas of coding, it isn't a panacea. Robert S. Gold, MD reviews how respiratory insufficiency will continue to challenge coders.
CDI specialists shouldn’t focus on reimbursement, yet the reality is that improved documentation often does lead to higher payments for the hospital. Darice Grzybowski, MA, RHIA, FAHIMA, and Jon Elion, MD, offer tips on how CDI programs can mitigate ethical quandaries and demonstrate best practice.
Physicians often use different terms interchangeably when documenting sepsis. Robert Gold, MD , and Gloryanne Bryant, RHIA, RHIT, CCS, CDIP, CCDS, define the different terms and review when to query for additional clarification.
The best way to decrease denials or increase overturn rates begins with a compliant concurrent review of documentation. Marilyn S. Palmer, DO, and Jonathan G. Wiik, MSHA, MBA, review common Recovery Audit targets and provide tips for successfully appealing denials.
Hospitals are being incorrectly reimbursed for preadmission testing that occurs within the three days prior to admission, according to Recovery Audit findings.
Q: A patient presents with altered mental status/encephalopathy due to a urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient has a history of dementia. The final diagnosis is encephalopathy due to UTI. Should we code the encephalopathy as a secondary diagnosis because it’s an MCC and not always a symptom of a UTI?
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt decrease in kidney function that includes—but is not limited to—acute renal failure. Garry L. Huff, MD, CCS, CCDS , and Brandy Kline, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CCDS , explain the clinical indicators of AKI and offers tips for composing queries.
ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS present different challenges, but both will require better documentation. Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, Kathy DeVault, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, Donielle Bailey , and Melanie Endicott, MBA/HCM, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P, FAHIMA, discuss some of the areas where coders will need more information to code in ICD-10.
No one is perfect, including coders. Mistakes aren’t necessarily a reflection on one’s abilities or attention to detail. James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, and Laura Legg, RHIT, CCS, highlight some common problem areas and provide tips for compliance.
The 2014 IPPS Final Rule contains two significant changes that will impact coders: the 2-midnight inpatient presumption and the Part A to Part B rebilling. Marc Tucker, DO, FACOS, FAPWCA, MBA, and Kimberly Anderwood Hoy Baker, JD, CPC, review the key provisions of these changes.
Health information exchange between hospitals and other providers has risen by 41% between 2008 and 2012, according to research published in Health Affairs from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).
Unlike ICD-10-CM, ICD-10-PCS does not include unspecified codes. Thus, clinicians may see an increased number of queries on procedures post-implementation. Melanie Endicott, MBA/HCM, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P, FAHIMA, explains why facilities should review documentation for inpatient procedures now.
Q: A patient undergoes placement of a MediPort ® to receive chemotherapy for lung cancer. What principal diagnosis should we report? Should we report V58.81 (fitting and adjustment of vascular catheter) or 162.9 (malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung unspecified)?
Q: Our facility has a question about how other hospitals address this scenario: Patient is discharged to home (discharge status code 01). No documentation exists in the medical record to support post-acute care. Several months later, our Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC) notifies us that the patient indeed went to post-acute care after discharge. The MAC retracts our entire payment. We need to resubmit the claim with the correct discharge status code. We are reluctant to do so because nothing in the medical record supports the post-acute care provided. Are other hospitals amending the record? If so, which department is adding the amended note?
Does the DRG accurately depict the patient’s story? Does the length of stay and severity of illness correlate with what actually happened? Heather Taillon, RHIA, and Cheryl Collins, BS, RN, offer tips to selecting the correct principal diagnosis.
Diagnostic conclusion statements don’t sufficiently capture the clinical context and medical necessity for inpatient admission. Glenn Krauss, BBA, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPUR, C-CDI, CCDS, discusses the importance of clinical context and quality of clinical documentation in the medical record.
Q: Which ICD-10-CM external cause code should we report if a patient falls while on an escalator? This is the first time that the patient has been seen for such a fall.
Complete capture of procedure codes in ICD-9-CM helps to ensure accurate translation to ICD-10-PCS. Donna M. Smith and Patricia L. Belluomini, RHIA, reveal coding errors—including omission of procedure codes—that make the translation process more challenging.
The 2014 draft ICD-10-PCS guidelines include a code for the usage of a robotic-assist device in surgery, something coders can currently report in ICD-9-CM. Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, COBGC , compares documentation requirements for coding robotic-assisted surgery in both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-PCS.
