Adriane Martin, DO, FACOS, CCDS , reviews some of the ICD-10-CM/PCS code and CC/MCC updates that made the final cut in the fiscal year 2019 IPPS final rule.
Creating a query and knowing when to query can be complicated, and there are a number of continued training tactics that prove successful for the coder when trying to improve upon physician query practices. This article looks at a few of the official sources that offer query guidance for coders. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Adriane Martin, DO, FACOS, CCDS, reviews Coding Clinic guidance published in the first and second quarters of this year as it pertains to coding guidelines, severity of illness, and MS-DRG assignment for the inpatient setting.
Q: We recently had a patient admitted for syncope workup. The workups were negative except for incidental findings of acute kidney injury (AKI). The physician documented “AKI likely 2/2 hypovolemia. Treatment focus is to trend creatinine levels and hydration.” Would the AKI or hypovolemia be sequenced as the principal diagnosis?
Cesar M. Limjoco, MD, writes that although different literature has become available on principal diagnosis selection through the years, questions and disputes keep popping up. In this article, he revisits the issue and provides additional insight to code selection for conditions such as acute respiratory failure and congestive heart failure.
Acute heart failure patients in an emergency department's clinical pathway program had a 13.1% lower readmission rate, according to a report published in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine.
Inpatient coding audits need to be tailored to the type of record being reviewed, the time it may take to complete the audit, and any compliance-related issues that may crop up. This article focuses on how coding managers can streamline these aspects to ensure a successful audit. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP, writes that complex pneumonias can segregate to a higher-weighted MS-DRG than other pneumonia types, so reviewing clinical elements with your physician staff may help improve documentation and avoid adverse determinations by external reviewers for these conditions.
Early readmissions were more likely to be preventable and amenable to hospital-based interventions, according to a recent study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Allen Frady, RN-BSN, CCDS, CCS, CRC, says that defending code assignment against denials requires more than reviewing the denial to determine if the condition was coded and reported according to the coding guidelines; it requires an understanding of payer requirements as well.
Q: Our team is having a hard time determining a principal diagnosis for a patient with a history of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is receiving chronic hemodialysis and is in acute renal failure (ARF) with volume overload. Which ICD-10-CM code should be the principal diagnosis?
Cathy Farraher, RN, BSN, MBA, CCCM, CCDS , details the basics of the All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (APR-DRG), the system developed to allow for a more specific analysis of outcomes in the non-Medicare population, and shows coders and CDI teams how to better capture quality metrics through documentation.
Q: If a CDI specialist doesn’t enter the queried diagnosis in his or her working DRG, but the physician responds favorably to the queried diagnosis at the time of coding (or during the retrospective query process), would you consider this in the reconciliation process? If yes, how would we capture this type of data?
Adriane Martin, DO, FACOS, CCDS , writes that abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are the most common type of aortic aneurysm, and the complexities surrounding AAAs make reporting procedures related to them difficult for even the most skilled inpatient coder.
The fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS final rule contains extensive changes pertaining to MS-DRGs. This article details some of the most notable MS-DRG updates including revisions to epilepsy with neurostimulators and pacemaker insertion classifications. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The European Heart Journal recently published the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI). The newest definition, which supersedes all previous versions, includes new and updated clinical concepts as well as new sections of guidance.
CMS recently released the fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS final rule with significant reductions to reporting requirements for quality initiatives, updates to payment rates, changes to CC/MCC designations, and revisions to various MS-DRGs.
Adrienne Commeree, CPC, CPMA, CCS, CEMC, CPIP , provides background on vaccinations and writes that coding for vaccine administration isn’t relegated to the outpatient coder; inpatient coders also have codes to report for vaccine administration. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Jennifer Cayce, RHIT, CCS, CCS-P, CPC , explores the conundrums of reporting acute kidney disorders due to confusing clinical terminology and addresses some of the problematic areas of nephrology diagnoses.
Q: We have a patient who is diagnosed as having acute renal insufficiency due to dehydration with decreased urinary output and was admitted for IV hydration. What diagnosis codes should we assign?
Chris Simons, MS, RHIA, details way to improve querying across health information management (HIM), coding, and CDI departments since querying providers is a key strategy for improving documentation. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: In what instance would septic shock not be coded as a principal diagnosis (PDX)? I’ve been under the impression that septic shock should always be reported as a PDX.
CMS and the National Center for Health Statistics recently released the 2019 ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting. Changes include clarification on the usage of “with,” updated sepsis guidance, and added guidelines for subsequent myocardial infarction.
Adriane Martin, DO, FACOS, CCDS, says that knowledge of coding guidelines and Coding Clinic advice, as well as an understanding of the spine anatomy and the spinal fusion procedure itself, can go a long way toward helping put together the pieces of the fusion puzzle.
Amy Sanderson, MD, says that the term “dysphagia” has many synonyms used by providers in medical documentation. However, not all of these symptoms are able to describe the diagnosis with enough specificity so that it can be translated into its corresponding code assignment.
Adriane Martin, DO, FACOS, CCDS, summarizes the proposed changes found in the fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS proposed rule, broken down by Major Diagnostic Category (MDC), that would impact ICD-10-CM/PCS codes. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
In June, an article detailing the upcoming release of the fourth edition of the universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) was published in the American Journal of Medicine .
William E. Haik, MD, FCCP, CDIP , AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, Jonathan Besler, CPA, MA , and Mary Devine, RN , write that while it is well-known that ICD-10-CM/PCS code assignment impacts hospital reimbursement and compliance, there is an additional code that often flies under the radar for inpatient coders and has a huge impact on reimbursement: the discharge status code.
Q: Our coding team is currently debating how to report acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in ICD-10-CM for a patient after a renal transplant. Can you provide any guidance?
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recently released a 2018 update to guidelines for the care of patients with sepsis. The update includes a new “hour-one bundle” which replaces previous versions of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines.
Rose T. Dunn, MBA, RHIA, CPA/CGMA, FACHE, FHFMA, CHPS , writes that beyond auditing for code assignment, coding reviews also provide an opportunity for you to conduct a thorough compliance evaluation that not only addresses other components of the coding process but also the integrity of the patient’s record. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
In many cases, knowing when to query is simple, but the more challenging cases contain clues that require additional interpretation. Drew Siegel, MD, CCDS, takes a look at a few of the more interesting and often undocumented diagnoses, including respiratory failure and acute kidney injury, and points out the diagnostic clues to form a compliant query.
Q: In ICD-10-CM, how would you report a patient who is receiving hemodialysis and has chronic kidney disease (CKD) when a failed kidney transplant is also documented?
Erica E. Remer, MD, FACEP, CCDS, reviews recent Coding Clinic guidance surrounding the code assignment of a Salter-Harris type I physeal fracture of the third metatarsal bone of the left foot.
According to the National Institute of Health, approximately 100,000 Americans have sickle-cell disease. In this article, Peggy Blue, MPH, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CEMC , breaks down the complexities of the disease and clarifies reporting of the diagnosis. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: Could you shed some light on reporting ICD-10-CM codes K66.1 (hemoperitoneum), an MCC, and R58 (hemorrhage, not elsewhere classified), which is not considered a CC or an MCC?
On June 18, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a version of the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). ICD-11 reflects critical advances in science and medicine and is the first code set revision to be well integrated with electronic health applications and information systems, WHO says.
Just like their inpatient acute care counterparts, inpatient psychiatric facilities use ICD-10-CM codes, but their payment structure, documentation requirements, prevalent clinical conditions, and additional documentation requirements needing capture are vastly different.
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CDIP, CCDS , writes that ICD-10-CM/PCS documentation and coding rules surrounding patient safety indicators (PSI) must be honored in order to ensure proper compliance and reimbursement.
Adrienne Commeree, CPC, CPMA, CCS, CEMC, CPIP, writes that when reporting Alzheimer’s, understanding the disease and its symptoms is important for coders, as entries in the ICD-10-CM alphabetic index can be confusing. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: If a patient is immobile or comatose for an extended period of time in the hospital and develops a stage 3 or 4 pressure ulcer of the left upper back, would this be considered a hospital-acquired condition (HAC)?
Allen Frady, RN-BSN, CCDS, CCS, CRC, reviews proposed changes applicable to coding and CDI teams within the fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS proposed rule including HIV disease, ARDS, and CC/MCC changes.
CMS has released the FY 2019 ICD-10-PCS code updates and accompanying coding guidelines. The number of ICD-10-PCS codes for 2019 will total 78,881, in comparison to the 78,705 available for FY 2018.
A common question that coders often ask is when to report a secondary diagnosis. In part two of this two-part series, Gloryanne Bryant, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCDS , looks at the chapter-specific coding guidelines related to secondary diagnosis coding found in the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting.
A common question that coders often ask is when to report a secondary diagnosis. In part one of this two-part series, Gloryanne Bryant, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCDS , looks at the general coding guidelines related to secondary diagnosis coding found in the 2018 ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting.
Allen Frady, RN-BSN, CCDS, CCS, CRC, reviews various guidance related to clinical validation to help coders and CDI teams better navigate the complex topic.
The fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS proposed rule includes updates to payment rates and quality initiatives, but some of the most extensive changes pertain to MCC and CC additions and deletions.
Shannon McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CEMC, CRD, CCDS, writes that while the fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS proposed rule is considering the downgrade of ICD-10-CM code B20 (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease) from an MCC to a CC, it does not mean that diagnosing and coding for HIV has lessened in complexity.
CMS released the fiscal year (FY) 2019 IPPS proposed rule on Tuesday, April 24, with significant reductions to reporting requirements for quality initiatives and expected ICD-10-CM/PCS code and MS-DRG updates.
Allen Frady, RN-BSN, CCDS, CCS, CRC, writes about guidance related to documenting acute respiratory insufficiency and gives tips to coders and CDI teams on what to do when the conditions are over-documented postoperatively.
A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) now includes several conditions that used to be diagnosed separately: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, and Asperger’s syndrome. Peggy Blue, MPH, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CEMC , reviews these terms to aid accurate coding. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CDIP, CCDS, writes that the various approaches hospital systems use to optimize their DRG-based case-mix index or HCC-based risk adjustment factor scores will likely conflict with how an accountability agent will see those measurements.
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CCDS, CDIP, writes that clinical validity, documentation, and ICD-10-CM coding applicable to liver disease remains a great challenge to those invested in severity and risk-adjustment coding compliance. In this article, he reviews several pitfalls that could await facilities.
Danielle Richmond says that while inpatient coder shortages are nowhere near what they were with ICD-9-CM, new challenges have emerged. This article shares important advice for any managers trying to improve their coder recruitment and hiring process.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria has a greater sensitivity than quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) as a screening test to initiate treatment for sepsis in non-intensive care unit patients, according to the recent study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Q: We have gotten conflicting advice regarding ICD-10-CM code categories B95-B97 (Bacterial and viral infectious agents) regarding CCs, MCCs, and severity of illness/risk of mortality. Could you clarify the impact of reporting causative organisms?
Coders often seek definitions for realistic productivity benchmarks, and standards depend on how a given facility establishes the responsibilities and expectations of its team. Therefore, before assessing a coder’s success, a facility must set goals that define that success. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Yvette M. DeVay, MHA, CPC, CPMA, CIC, CPC-I , reviews the anatomy of the brain and details treatments and surgeries associated with the brain and how to report them in ICD-10-CM/PCS.
Q: We are having trouble determining what qualifies a patient as having an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and what documentation would support the diagnosis. Can you help our coding team clarify?
Of emergency department visits attributable to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic dissection, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, the conditions were not accurately diagnosed approximately one out of 20 times, according to a study by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) .
Laurie L. Prescott, RN, MSN, CCDS, CDIP, CRC, writes that even though CDI specialists are not coders, it’s important to learn the rules and guidelines that coders follow. CDI teams need to reference guidance and guidelines in their daily work to ensure documentation is clear, concise, and supportive of accurate code assignment true to the patient’s story.
Laura Legg RHIT, CCS, CDIP, looks at the results of Central Learning’s second annual ICD-10 Coding Contest and highlights ways facilities can use the data to improve coding performance and accuracy. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Paul Evans, RHIA, CCDS, CCS, CCS-P, tackles the various characteristics of creating a query and says that while all portions of any program, such as education and metrics, are important, the proper formulation of a query represents the most important task for a CDI professional.
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder in the United States and one of the leading causes of chronic pain and disability, according to the National Institutes of Health. In this article, Shannon McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CEMC, CRC, CCDS, examines ICD-10-CM/PCS coding and associated guidance for this condition. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: When querying a physician to confirm the stage of a pressure ulcer, is it appropriate to ask questions that require the physician to mark “yes” or “no” responses to the query?
An Office of Inspector General (OIG) audit of the University of Michigan Health System revealed noncompliance with four types of inpatient claims, including those associated with the billing of high-severity-level MS-DRGs.
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CDIP, CCDS , reviews readmission rates and writes that if physicians learn the foundations of readmission measurement and implement some basic principles and workflows for reporting clinically accurate ICD-10-CM/PCS coding, hospitals can succeed with readmission measures.
Q: If a patient is admitted with a high blood alcohol level and the provider documents the blood alcohol level in his or her note, does the provider also need to specifically write “patient with intoxication?”
Allen Frady, RN-BSN, CCDS, CCS, CRC, explains the value of tracking and understanding key performance indicators (KPI), and gives advice on how facilities can improve on its practices.
Medical necessity denials are commonly encountered in facilities. Complete understanding and utilization of the ICD-10-CM/PCS coding guidelines is imperative for coders and coding mangers to recognize how to avoid these denials. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The cost for a hospital stay in 2014 involving acute renal failure (ARF) averaged $19,200, nearly twice the $9,900 average cost for stays not involving renal failure, according to the statistical brief published by The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CCDS, CDIP, writes about potential coding compliance issues raised in the Office of Inspector General’s (OIG) Work Plan for providers to consider, including documentation and coding for severe malnutrition and bariatric surgery.
Q: According to the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, uncertain diagnoses should be documented at the time of discharge. If a consultant documents an uncertain diagnosis in the final or last progress note and not in the discharge summary, can we code that uncertain diagnosis?
Hospitals reduced central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) by 50% between 2008 and 2016, according to a new report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Emergency departments at designated trauma centers encounter some of the most complex patients—and with them, a complicated documentation web that’s difficult to untangle, making trauma case review essential for hospitals.
Because Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) and similar risk-adjustment methodologies impact physician and hospital practices, James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CDIP, CCDS , reviews CMS’ Risk-Adjustment Data Validators (RADV) instructions to improve HCC compliance.
According to the American Cancer Society, in 2017 there were an estimated 1,688,780 new cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths in the U.S. In this article, Peggy Blue, MPH, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CEMC , breaks down the usage of the ICD-10-CM neoplasm table and reviews coding for neoplasm admissions. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CDIP, CCDS, reviews some ICD fundamentals and to help facilities develop a strategy that will ease the transition to the new administrative language as the federal government moves toward deployment of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition, for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11-MMS).
Only 12% of eligible hospitals signed up for CMS’ Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Model 2 initiative and 47% of them dropped out completely within two years, according to a recent study by the Journal of the American Medical Association .
Q: We keep receiving denials for our use of ICD-10-CM code G94 (other disorders of brain in diseases classified elsewhere). Is there any coding guidance out there that can help our coding team decipher when we can use this code?
Adrienne Commeree, CPC, CPMA, CCS, CEMC, CPIP, writes that since there is such a prevalence for obesity in our nation, it’s a no brainer that correctly assigning and fully understanding the ICD-10-CM/PCS codes for obesity-related conditions is imperative for coders in any facility.
Creating a query and knowing when to query can be complicated, and there are a number of training tactics that can prove successful for coders when trying to improve upon physician query practices. For this article, let’s take a look at when coders should query and when it’s appropriate for them to cite clinical evidence. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
On January 9, CMS announced the launch of Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced from the agency’s Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation.
Lynelle A. Clausen, RN, BSN, writes about the struggles she faces as a CDI specialist when dealing with vague documentation, lack of criteria, and the reporting of malnutrition.
Q: If the attending physician documented, “likely mixed cardiogenic and septic shock,” can I assign ICD-10-CM codes R57.0 (cardiogenic shock) and R65.21 (severe sepsis with septic shock)?
Surprisingly, thyroid disease is more common than diabetes or heart disease, with an estimated 20 million Americans having some form of the disease. In this article, Yvette M. DeVay, MHA, CPC, CPMA, CIC, CPC-I gives readers a background on thyroid cancer and reviews ICD-10-CM/PCS coding for the disease.
With yearly ICD-10 code and guideline updates to the respiratory system, it’s important for coders to stay abreast of changes to ensure documentation and coding integrity. This article takes a closer look at the ICD-10-CM code updates as well as recent Coding Clinic guidance on the respiratory system. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
While a facility’s case–mix index is an important metric to measure, program managers and directors warn that metrics mean different things to different stakeholders and that CDI programs need to work diligently to present their data within the context of a host of other important measures.
Shannon McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CEMC, CRC, CCDS, writes about the Office of the Inspector General’s (OIG) recent audit findings regarding the ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for kwashiorkor, and discusses what coders can do to stay compliant when coding guidance is lacking. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: I have a question regarding unilateral weakness from a previous stroke. The patient has ongoing weakness in both right arm and leg post cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and associated ataxia post CVA in 2013. What is the accurate code assignment?
Victoria M. Hernandez, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCS-P , AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, and Debi Primeau, RHIA, FAHIMA , highlight several areas that illustrate the increasing importance of code specificity to ensure accurate reporting and appropriate reimbursement.
A report released by the American Hospital Association and Manatt Health found that facilities spend approximately $39 million annually to comply with 629 requirements across nine regulatory domains.
Upon reviewing 2,145 inpatient claims at 25 providers, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) found that all but one claim incorrectly included the ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for kwashiorkor (260). This resulted in overpayments in excess of $6 million, according to the OIG report .
Jocelyn E. Murray, RN, CCDS, reviews the similarities and differences between CDI audits and coding compliance audits and says it’s our collective responsibility to provide the insight that defines the two specialties and the critical efforts both bring to the table.
Q: What would be the ideal way to code a case where a patient has ongoing encephalopathy after a subdural hematoma multiple years ago? I keep seeing documentation as a brain injury with ongoing encephalopathy, but is there a way to improve on this?
James S. Kennedy, MD, CCS, CCDS, CDIP, interprets the various guidance given in Coding Clinic , Fourth Quarter 2017, including pre-bill audits and denials based on clinical criteria, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with exacerbated asthma.
