Q: An elderly male patient has a rectal fistula with an abscess requiring complex packing of the wound. The most recent wound documentation reports “complex persistent rectal fistula with underlying abscess present, cultures show positive for E. coli and Klebsiella.” The patient will be administered daily IV antibiotics via a PICC line that has been placed. How would this encounter be reported in ICD-10-CM?
An upcoming audit reviewing Medicare inpatient hospital billing for sepsis underscores the critical importance of accurate coding and clinical validation. With guidance from Leigh Poland, RHIA, CCS, CDIP, CIC , coders can help prevent costly coding errors, reduce the risk of audits, and ensure hospitals are appropriately reimbursed for the care they provide. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Trey La Charité, MD, FACP, SFHM, CCS, CCDS , invites a deeper understanding for diagnosing and documenting acute renal failure and any other related diagnoses—before exploring the plethora of denial strategies medical staff may face. Not to worry as there are opportunities for successful appeals!
Acute respiratory distress syndrome presents a significant clinical challenge due to its rapid onset, high mortality rate, and complex management. Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , delves into the comprehensive aspects of ARDS to show how coders, alongside healthcare providers and CDI specialists, play an essential role in reporting the complete picture of the condition.
Q: Patient presents with a chief complaint of persistent cough for 10 days with occasional mucus. She has a history of chronic asthmatic bronchitis for many years; is quite frail, reporting decline in energy and activity tolerance; was a smoker until about five years ago; and suffers chronic smokers’ cough and centrilobular emphysema. Past medical history includes heart failure, hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. How would this diagnostic note be reported in ICD-10-CM?
To align subcategories for diagnosis coding with the DSM-5 classification subcategories for feeding and eating disorders, new ICD-10-CM codes were added in the FY 2025 update. Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , reviews the clinical criteria for affected disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica in adults, and rumination disorder.
Certain diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) remain vulnerable to audits and denials, not only for DRG and clinical validation, but for medical necessity as well. Kim Conner, BSN, CCDS, CCDS-O , explores areas coding professionals can support when being proactive against these denials.
Coagulopathy describes the impairment of the blood’s ability to coagulate, leading to prolonged or excessive bleeding that may occur spontaneously or following an injury. Explore the basics of the condition as well as practical tips for accurate ICD-10 coding. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: A 65-year-old female has been on Effexor for major depressive disorder for three months and went to her healthcare provider due to tachycardia and palpitations along with mild muscle cramping. It was found that she had accidentally been taking double her prescribed dose due to misunderstanding the instructions. It is reported that she developed serotonin syndrome resulting from toxicity and was also diagnosed with mild hypertension (138/88) due to the serotonin syndrome. How would this encounter be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Lymphoma diagnosis codes received a robust overhaul with the release of the 2025 ICD-10-CM codes, reflecting advancements in understanding and classifying lymphoma. Accurate coding is crucial for reporting such nuances, and Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , is here to update coders on the changes.
Coding professionals face challenges when the clinical meanings of words do not match the ICD-10-CM classification system, particularly for records related to matters of the heart. Follow Laurie Prescott, RN, MSN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CRC , as she applies critical thinking, knowledge of disease processes, and an understanding of ICD-10-CM codes to accurately report acute MI cases.
Q: A patient presents with exacerbation of COPD complicated by positive COVID-19 with COVID-19 pneumonia and superimposed MRSA bacterial pneumonia in the setting of chronic bronchitis due to smoking, severe persistent asthma (not currently in exacerbation), and left lower lobe lung cancer in remission following a lobectomy one year ago. Patient continues to smoke cigarettes. How would this diagnostic note be reported in ICD-10-CM?
With guidance from Linda Martien, CPC, COC, CPMA, CPC-I, CRC, AAPC approved instructor, AAPC fellow , coding professionals can review arthritis codes to avoid the use of generalized codes in order to reflect a patient’s condition more accurately and ensure compliance with insurance requirements.
Deanne Wilk, MPS, BSN, RN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CCS, provides an overview of toxic encephalopathy including signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and relevance for coding professionals and CDI teams.
Pancytopenia is defined as the simultaneous presence of anemia, leukopenia (neutropenia), and thrombocytopenia. Refresh yourself on how each condition plays a role in diagnosing, treating, and coding pancytopenia. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Malnutrition affects millions of people across all age groups, and to better discuss and understand the coding nuances of malnutrition, Cokethia Rachel, CPC, CCS, CPMA, SSBBP, demonstrates how coders should define the condition, appropriately review relevant documentation, and recognize when the medical necessity of malnutrition has been supported. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
A cohort study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that the detection of incident stroke events is moderately accurate when using ICD-10-CM codes in Medicare claims and very accurate in ruling out non-stroke cases.
Q: Video colonoscope was advanced through a patient’s rectum to the cecum where there was normal-looking mucosa throughout. The patient had scattered diverticula in the sigmoid colon and a 6-mm sessile polyp in the proximal rectum that was removed completely by hot biopsy technique. Surgeon documented to await pathology report. How would this operative note be reported in ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS?
CMS released the FY 2025 IPPS final rule on August 1, which seeks to address key social determinants of health and strengthen emergency preparedness. This rule updates Medicare payments and policies for discharges from inpatient hospitals beginning October 1, 2024.
Q: A patient is in the postpartum period after delivering a healthy baby girl. She developed diabetes mellitus during the pregnancy. She is being treated with Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug. How would this situation be reported in ICD-10-CM?
CMS’ fiscal year 2025 IPPS proposed rule and fact sheet proposes to upgrade certain codes describing social determinants of health (SDOH) to better capture the effect of housing instability on beneficiaries.
Without proof that services rendered were medically necessary, third-party payers are unlikely to approve claims for reimbursement. With tips from Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, COC-I , medical coding professionals can use ICD-10-CM codes to prove medical necessity. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: A patient presents with a chief complaint of thoracic intrinsic spinal cord lesion causing back pain, left lower extremity sciatic-type pain, and foot drop. An MRI of the thoracic spine revealed a T11-T12 spinal cord lesion consistent with a cavernous malformation. Which ICD-10-CM codes would be reported?
Q: A 64-year-old female patient who has a bilateral lung transplant presents with COVID-19 (reason for admission) with acute respiratory failure. She also has immunosuppression from drugs. How would this scenario be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Verbal conversations with providers regarding reportable conditions and procedures are considered verbal queries. Refresh how they should be memorialized within the record to maintain compliance. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
JoAnn Baker, CCS, CPC, COC , defines sepsis and septic shock, and delves into the emerging initiative to integrate AI into the diagnosis and treatment process.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that four popular pretest risk assessment models for evaluating risk of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism in inpatients did “not perform particularly well.”
Q: A 64-year-old female inpatient has hepatocellular cancer with an orthotropic liver transplant with bile duct obstruction and is immunosuppressed due to drugs. Which ICD-10-CM codes would be reported?
A Journal of the American Medical Association study found that ICD-10-CM influenza codes accurately represented cases of positive diagnoses in pediatric patients, but their sensitivity was modest.
Q: A patient has acute renal failure due to dehydration, a history of Type 1 diabetes mellitus causing end-stage renal disease, a kidney transplant two years ago, and chronic kidney disease stage 3a, immunosuppressed by their drugs. How would this be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Brandi Hutcheson, RN, MSN, CCM, CCDS, CCA , examines the coding and clinical literature on malnutrition and obesity to see how coders can reconcile these seemingly disparate diagnoses.
Managing chronic conditions requires involvement from many parties, making documentation challenging. Assess how to improve documentation and reimbursement for chronic conditions with tips provided by Arta Kelmendi-Doko, MD, PhD . Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Pressure injuries, which can lead to a patient safety indicator (PSI), require clear documentation and coordination among coding, CDI, and clinical departments. Katherine Siemens, RN, BSN, CMSRN, CCDS , evaluates how poor coordination could result in a PSI being incorrectly reported.
Despite the expansion of codes that came with the transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10-CM, the majority of codes for inflammatory arthritis were not frequently used in 2015 through 2021, researchers found.
Q: A 64-year-old female bilateral lung transplant recipient presents with aspiration pneumonia, hypoxia, and has immunosuppression from the drugs. How would this scenario be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Sarah McDonald, CPC , reviews ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS coding guidelines for the U.S.’ most common orthopedic surgeries: hip and knee replacements. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Sarah McDonald, CPC , examines the ICD-10-CM/PCS coding conventions for symptoms, stages, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease—a commonly diagnosed digestive disorder in the U.S. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
CMS’ fiscal year 2025 IPPS proposed rule and fact sheet, published April 10, includes proposals for a 2.6% payment increase, a new bundled payment program, code updates, and other policy changes.
Q: How would the scenario of a previous kidney transplant patient presented with sepsis due to acute pyelonephritis (E. coli), CKD, and immunosuppression be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Q: Aside from Coding Clinic , Third Quarter 2005, pp. 19–20, is there any more up-to-date advice on reporting ICD-10-CM diagnoses from physician orders?
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published a study that found that high-flow nasal cannula protocols were associated with a 6.1% reduction in ICU admissions among children.
Sarah McDonald, CPC , explains the spinal fusion process and overviews the process of constructing ICD-10-PCS procedure codes character by character. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Sarah McDonald, CPC , analyzes the process of reporting traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries ICD-10-CM, notably the cause of injury, reason for the encounter, and aftereffects. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Laurie Prescott, RN, MSN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CRC , summarizes guidance from the 2024 first quarterly release of Coding Clinic , including reporting for postoperative complications, non-traumatic kidney injuries, and vertebral artery dissection.
This article explains the quality metrics of hospital-acquired infections and accidental punctures and lacerations, and details how collaborative efforts can reduce these risks.
CMS will be holding its next ICD-10 Coordination and Maintenance Committee meeting March 19-20. The committee will deliberate applications for new ICD-10-PCS and ICD-10-CM code assignments. If approved, the codes will become effective October 1, 2024.
Susan G. Michael, MSN, RN, CPHQ, CCDS , examines social determinants of health through a historical perspective and explains how they evolved into the codes that coders and researchers use today.
Nancy Reading, RN, CPC, CPC-P, examines the complex relationships between ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, and hyponatremia, and gives advice on reporting these diabetic complications in ICD-10-CM. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The CDC posted its updated 2024 ICD-10-CM guidelines in January that include a sequencing update for sepsis due to postprocedural infection. The guidelines will take effect April 1.
Amanda Vincent, MBA, CCS, CPC, CCDS, CRC , analyzes various types of postprocedural complications, such as respiratory failure, infection, ileus, shock, and offers direction on how to report them.
The AHA responded with potential provider concerns to the government’s recent request for information (RFI) as it prepares for the potential transition from ICD-10 to ICD-11 for morbidity coding.
Nancy Reading, RN, CPC, CPC-P , explains how employing clinical and coding criteria for assigning or auditing ICD-10-CM codes for malnutrition can have a significant impact on reimbursement. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
2024 ICD-10-CM code changes pertaining to acute appendicitis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth give coders the opportunity to report these conditions with greater accuracy and specificity. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Marlene Goodwin-Esola, MSN, RN-BC , recounts her personal journey with heart disease, undergoing cardiac catheterization, and offers her viewpoint on being on the other side of a coding chart.
Amanda Vincent, MBA, CCS, CPC, CCDS, CRC , explains the differing definitions of “complication” for providers vs. coders, reviews types of complications, and codes an intraoperative laceration case study.
A recent ProPublica article found that nearly 30,000 Medicare patients may have received atherectomy procedures prematurely or unnecessarily, resulting in millions of dollars in reimbursement.
The 2024 ICD-10-CM update added 36 codes to the now nearly 400 codes in category M80.- (osteoporosis with current pathological fracture). The additional codes add further specificity for pelvis fractures due to age-related osteoporosis. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The healthcare setting can feel like a courtroom in the denials and appeals arena. By assessing the effort that goes into an appeal and the difference that comes out of them, coders and CDI specialists may find that the chasm between clarifying a patient record and defending it isn’t as wide as they think.
Anemia describes a condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient. Review the types of anemia, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and ICD-10-CM coding. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The Journal of the American Medical Association recently released a study that analyzed social determinants of health and other conditions associated with lower-limb amputation in the U.S.’ most populated areas. The study found that several factors corresponded with an increased risk of amputation.
Debbie Jones, CPC, CCA , examines the cause, prognosis, and treatment options for desmoid tumors, in addition to reviewing the ICD-10-CM codes designed to identify them with specificity. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: I’ve heard some facilities are beginning to incorporate ICD-11, even though it is not yet implemented in the U.S. How can coders help their providers transition to ICD-11?
Medical coding practices can vary widely between countries, with different code sets, regulations, and policies governing the process. However, there are some commonalities when comparing medical coding in the U.S. to other countries, which this article explores.
As more health systems have been forced to reckon with the undeniable impacts of socioeconomic status on health outcomes, CDI and coding practices have followed in kind. Analyze recent developments with reimbursement and ICD-10-CM coding for social determinants of health (SDOH).
Children diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had a readmission rate of 27.8% in the first year after discharge, with half of those readmissions occurring within two months, according to a recent study in JAMA Network Open.
Colder weather is approaching, which brings an increase in respiratory infections. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, COC-I, clarifies the pathogenic causes of pneumonia, specifically those with recent additions to ICD-10-CM, and those with antibiotic resistance. She also reviews how to report treatment methods in ICD-10-PCS.
Kate Siemens, RN, CMSRN, CCDS , discusses the clinical indicators for malnutrition during end-of-life care with Taylor Kuykendall, MS, RD, LD . She covers relevant ICD-10-CM codes and proper reporting methodologies for the condition.
CDI departments have long been involved with the denials management process. As with any expansion of CDI responsibility, those looking to venture into a new area can glean valuable knowledge from those already on the cutting edge.
Despite sepsis being the leading cause of hospital readmissions and in-hospital deaths in the U.S., its extensive history of clinical definitions and criteria can cause confusion for even the most experienced coders. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Gastroparesis is a condition that affects stomach motility. Sarah Gould, CPC , explains how to report the condition and its complications in ICD-10-CM, in addition to treatment methods in ICD-10-PCS. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
There is one tell-tale sign that fall is here: the October implementation of the ICD-10 coding updates. Courtney Crozier, MA, RHIA, CCS, CDIP , explains the highlights of the update for fiscal year 2024, including 395 new codes, 25 deletions, 22 revisions, and 131 new headers.
CMS recently published an infographic that defines social determinants of health (SDOH), explains the significance of capturing them, and lists which SDOH codes will go into effect October 1.
Reporting malnutrition correctly is a constant challenge that faces increasing payer scrutiny. Kate Siemens, RN, CMSRN, CCDS, defines malnutrition and its unique applicability to end-of-life care, documentation tips, and how to report associated conditions in ICD-10-CM. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
It can be advantageous for patients and facilities to capture social determinants of health (SDOH) alongside medical conditions. Joscelyn Thomas, RHIT , explains how incorporating screening tools into facilities can help providers and coders promote better health outcomes, reduce disparities, and increase patient engagement.
Laurie Prescott, RN, MSN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CRC , summarizes the highlights from the newest installment of Coding Clinic, which includes guidance on reporting pancytopenia, inherent conditions, ORIF, and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist devices.
The fiscal year (FY) 2024 IPPS final rule, released in August, provides updates on inpatient hospital reimbursement, ICD-10-CM/PCS coding and DRG changes, quality and reporting programs, and more.
Diabetes mellitus is a common condition that occurs when a patient’s blood sugar (blood glucose) is consistently too high. Sarah Gould, CPC , delves into the disorder and covers how to report some of its many complications in ICD-10-CM. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The heart is a restless organ whose constant rhythm is integral to normal bodily functions. Unfortunately, there are many maladies that can occur, as Linda Martien, CPC, CPC-I, COC, CPMA, CRC, explains through her review of normal cardiac pathophysiology and how to report common rhythm abnormalities in ICD-10-CM.
Hemodialysis involves diverting blood into an external machine, where it is filtered and returned to the body. Sarah Gould, CPC , describes the vascular surgical options for hemodialysis (fistulas and grafts), their various types, and how to report them in ICD-10-PCS. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
With certain medical conditions, encountering differing opinions and discrepancies in provider documentation is inevitable. Deanne Wilk, MPS, RN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CCS , reviews 10 diagnoses whose documentation commonly features discrepancies.
Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system. Debbie Jones, CPC, CCA , explains the symptoms, treatment, and how 2024 ICD-10-CM coding changes will affect reporting for this disease.
Coders should take note of hundreds of updates to the tabular addenda that serves as an instruction guide to the 2024 ICD-10-CM code set. Both take effect October 1.
Kate Siemens, RN, CMSRN, CCDS , offers her nursing and coding experience to explain postoperative ileus, a common complication after gastrointestinal surgery, and associated ICD-10-CM coding.
The term “stroke” or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) indicates an interruption in blood flow to the brain. Nancy Reading, RN, CPC, CPC-P , reviews strokes and explains how coders should report them and their treatment in ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Amanda Vincent , Javier Ortiz , and Teresa Brown, RN, CCDS, CDIP, CCS , identify various CMS quality programs, discuss common conditions these programs assess, and highlight their impact on patient safety through examples and coding case studies.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria become resistant to drugs designed to kill them. Deanne Wilk, MPS, BSN, RN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CCS, offers guidance on querying physicians for antibiotic resistance organisms.
Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, explains the significance of reporting social determinants of health (SDoH) with examples related to health literacy, environmental factors, and living conditions.
Physicians have found ways to treat many congenital defects in utero, enabling the neonate to be born without defects. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, details ICD-10-CM coding for common birth defects, and ICD-10-PCS and HCPCS Level II coding for their treatment.
Pneumonia is the eighth-leading cause of death in the U.S. This article outlines signs and symptoms of respiratory infection, pneumonia etiologies, and ICD-10-CM coding for complex pneumonia. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
CMS proposes 395 new, 12 revised, and 25 invalidated codes for implementation in October, according to the 2024 IPPS proposed rule. Read up on the changes which, if finalized, will have an impact on reimbursement and documentation.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is used ubiquitously in medical records. Nancy Reading, RN, CPC , breaks down CHF types and pathophysiology, and discusses ICD-10-CM coding for the condition.
Approximately 1.7 million adults in America develop sepsis each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Review documentation requirements and ICD-10-CM coding for severe sepsis. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
When reporting ICD-10-CM codes for encephalopathy with comorbidities, coders must carefully review documentation to determine which conditions are separately reportable. Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, COBG , breaks down ICD-10-CM reporting guidance for complex cases of encephalopathy.
Encephalopathy refers to any disease of the brain that alters its function or structure. Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, COBG , breaks down documentation requirements and ICD-10-CM coding for toxic, acute, and chronic encephalopathy.
