Assigning and sequencing diagnosis codes for COPD in the face of an acute exacerbation of COPD, particularly when the patient’s condition progresses to respiratory failure, has posed challenges to coders for quite a while. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I, demonstrates how to nail down the diagnosis codes based on clinical presentations before determining the correct sequencing for principal diagnosis assignment.
Coding for alcohol- and drug-related disorders requires careful attention to both clinical terminology and the structure of the ICD-10-CM classification system. These conditions fall under the broader category of mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use, primarily coded within the F10-F19 range. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Accurate reporting of left-sided heart failure types relies on specific ICD-10-CM codes that align with the documented ejection fraction category, although ICD-10-CM also provides specific codes for other clinically important forms of heart failure, with and without other chronic conditions, that reflect distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms and coding considerations. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: A patient with dementia has not taken prescribed Lasix for one week due to forgetting and presents with worsening acute heart failure. What is going to be sequenced first: the underdose or the acute heart failure?
Porcelain aorta is a disease that is caused by severe and widespread hardening of the walls of the ascending aorta that reaches to the aortic arch and descending aorta. Although there are several methods used to diagnose porcelain aorta, Brandi Hutcheson, RN, MSN, CCM, CCDS, CCA, says there is not a clear consensus on how it should be diagnosed.
A report published by the American Cancer Society found that colorectal cancer rates among adults younger than 65 continue to increase while rates for older adults continue to decline. The study found that the increase is being driven by a higher prevalence of rectal cancer, which now makes up 32% of all colorectal cancer diagnoses, up from 27% in the mid-2000s.
At the recent public ICD-10 Coordination and Maintenance Committee Meeting, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics discussed a draft proposal involving an expansion of sepsis diagnosis coding. Review the updates being considered for implementation on April 1, 2027. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. recorded 649 maternal deaths in 2024. While the total number of deaths declined slightly from 669 deaths in 2023, the overall maternal mortality rate showed no statistically significant improvement, highlighting ongoing challenges in maternal health outcomes.
From an inpatient coding perspective, vascular dementia may be documented for hospitalized patients because it coexists with other acute or chronic medical conditions. Accurate coding of the condition and its associated risk factors and complications will ensure the patient’s overall severity of illness and complexity of care are fully captured. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: What steps should medical coders take to correctly code adverse drug effects in ICD-10-CM, and when should a provider query be submitted if documentation is unclear or unspecific?
In December 2023, the Office of the Inspector General published a toolkit for Medicare Advantage organizations who submit high-risk diagnoses, and it announced in January 2026 that an audit will be conducted on high-risk codes that the organizations submitted for 2024. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I, reviews the high-risk codes and emphasizes what to look for in the documentation to support coding practices.
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease is a chronic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that often manifests with tumor-like masses and/or painless enlargement of multiple organs. Shontia Leon-Guerrero, CPC, CEDC, CEMC, CPC-I Educator, explores the general manifestations of the disease, its signs and symptoms, as well as key documentation tips and a coding scenario.
Review a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association that suggests respiratory syncytial virus poses a far greater long-term health risk to adults in the months following hospitalization than previously understood due to increased risks of complications for myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, congestive heart failure exacerbation, and arrhythmia.
Neonatal intensive care units provide care and additional medical attention for neonates who might be born prematurely, with low birthweight, with a medical complication, or with a congenital anomaly. Follow Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, as she delves into common services performed in these units and how they are reported with ICD-10-PCS codes.
A diagnosis of cancer becomes a pre-existing condition that will follow a patient for the rest of their life, but clinical records do not always provide the level of detail required to work within the framework set forward in the coding rules when it comes to reporting active neoplasms from personal history. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I, explores ICD-10-CM guidelines for such neoplasm scenarios.
Review a study based on ICD-10-CM data from the National Vital Statistics System that shows life expectancy for the United States population increased to 79.0 years in 2024 while the mortality rate decreased by 3.8% to 722.1 deaths per 100,000 of the standard population in 2024. Also determined were leading causes of death.
From concussions and cerebral contusions to complex intracranial hemorrhages and traumatic brain injuries, major head injuries encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and outcomes. Because of their complexity and potential for lasting impact, complete and compliant ICD-10-CM coding is essential to reflect the full clinical severity of these conditions. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
A prognostic study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association raises concerns that AI models designed to predict hospital outcomes may appear far more accurate than they truly are due to a subtle but serious methodological error known as label leakage.
Q: How do ICD-10-CM T codes work together with Z, F, and Y codes to fully capture drug-related conditions, and in what order should these codes be sequenced?
Due to all of the possible scenarios that come with a pregnancy, the reporting of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes must reveal the specific risks patients have so that procedures, services, and treatments can all be supported. Follow Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HIM/HI, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, as she outlines best practices for specifically reporting high-risk pregnancies.
Q: What are the most common reasons postpartum hemorrhage is documented and coded inconsistently, and how can coders and clinicians help address these issues?
Correctly coding an aneurysm depends on the type and location, the specific vessels involved, and the presence or absence of associated complications such as ruptures. Each of these elements directly impacts code assignment, making detailed clinical documentation essential to ensure the conditions are accurately represented in the medical record. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: What is the correct ICD-10-CM coding approach for poisoning cases that include documented manifestations, and how are these cases reflected in code selections and sequencing?
Heart arrhythmias are disorders of cardiac rhythm that occur when the heart’s electrical impulses do not function properly, resulting in rhythms that are too fast, too slow, or irregular. For coders, a strong understanding of arrhythmia types, applicable ICD-10-CM coding considerations, and key provider documentation requirements are needed to support accurate, compliant coding and appropriate HCC capture. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HIM/HI, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, shows how reporting perinatology procedures with ICD-10-PCS is essential to accurately reflect the complexity, effectiveness, and clinical value of life-altering interventions that correct some congenital anomalies, ensuring they are visible in clinical data, recognized by payers, and supported for continued access and advancement in fetal care.
Coding purpura and thrombocytopenia is often more straightforward than coders initially expect, as these diagnoses typically require minimal direction from official guidelines. The real challenge lies in correctly interpreting provider documentation and validating the terminology used. Without close attention to clarifying terms, coders risk misclassification or unnecessary queries. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: What considerations should coders keep in mind when referring to problem lists for determining the principal diagnosis and proper sequencing of all documented conditions in the inpatient setting?
Trey La Charité, MD, FACP, SFHM, CCS, CCDS, discusses how without some form of a narrative in documentation, hospital coders cannot sequence individual diagnoses. If there is no story provided, records can be rife with opportunity for a recovery auditor or payer to construct an alternative version of what happened during hospital visits, resulting in denials.
Failure to rescue is a compelling quality metric because it offers a lens through which healthcare organizations can illuminate, analyze, and improve the rescue zone of patient care. Teresa Brown, RN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CCS , shows how this metric can guide meaningful improvement in patient safety and outcomes when coding and CDI professionals help use it thoughtfully.
Organizations have become increasingly aware that social determinants of health play a major role in determining health disparities. With this in mind, Kelly Rice, MSHI, BSN, RN, CCDS, CDIP, CCS, CRC, reviews the changes to SDOH for FY 2026 and the response to such changes, explores strategies for continued capture of SDOH, and emphasizes the use of new SDOH ICD-10 codes available.
A study published in JAMA found that people who experience a traumatic spinal cord injury are at a greater risk of developing long-term chronic conditions such as hypertension, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and other neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which encompasses emphysema and bronchitis, are two of the most prevalent and debilitating respiratory conditions. Understanding these diseases and their pathophysiology is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and coding, particularly when the conditions overlap. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
When a woman is pregnant, relational connections between multiple organ systems can affect both mother and fetus and thereby alter, and perhaps complicate, the care they require. In addition, determining whether a condition was pre-existing or due to the pregnancy is important but can be tricky. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HIM/HI, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, provides clarifications for these types of scenarios.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that people under age 50 who consume cannabis are 6.2 times more likely to experience a heart attack than individuals who do not. It also found that they are 4.3 times more likely to experience an ischemic stroke and 2 times more likely to experience heart failure.
Q: Why is it necessary for coders, CDI professionals, and providers to align documentation and coding for substance-related disorders when applying both the DSM-5 and ICD-10? How does this impact risk adjustment and HCC capture?
Coding practices by Medicare Advantage insurers make members seem sicker, which resulted in an extra $33 billion in payments from the federal government in 2021, relative to coding by traditional Medicare providers, according to a study published by the Annals of Internal Medicine .
Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of conditions in which the heart muscle becomes diseased, making it harder for the body to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body . While accurate ICD-10-CM coding of cardiomyopathy requires precise documentation of the cause (if known) and complications, the type will drive the final code choice. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
CMS recently released an updated MLN fact sheet reminding providers when a transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement for symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation can be covered under the coverage with evidence development policy. Included are the ICD-10-CM/PCS codes that must be reported for inpatient cases.
Many disorders of immunity require ongoing management and often contribute to complications or comorbidities during hospitalization. For inpatient coders, accurately identifying and coding these disorders is crucial, not only to reflect the full clinical picture and support severity of illness and risk of mortality metrics, but also to ensure correct DRG assignment. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Beginning October 1, 2025, there will be 116 new ICD-10-CM codes available for chronic non-pressure skin ulcers, added for FY 2026. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , explores these new codes and how they were added in response to a growing problem identified as xylazine-induced skin ulcers.
Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a group of progressive neurological disorders that affect memory, cognition, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities. Coding professionals must utilize diagnosis documentation, ICD-10-CM codes for both dementia and underlying physiological conditions, and coding tips to ensure that dementia-related diagnoses are captured accurately. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
A study published by the Journal of the American Heart Association found that ischemic heart disease death rates fell 81% from 1970 to 2022 while deaths from heart attacks decreased 89%. However, deaths from other types of heart disease increased by 81% during the same period.
Learn how HIM professionals, including coders, can leverage data related to social determinants of health to improve patient care and secure proper reimbursement.
