There were 371 new codes added to the October update of the 2025 ICD-10-PCS code set, but Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I , narrows her investigation into the new codes for one particular body system within the Medical and Surgical section: Lower Arteries.
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare administration by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various processes, with medical coding standing at the forefront of this transformation. Understanding AI-driven programs and the evolution of medical coding is essential for coders to thrive in this rapidly changing landscape. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Leveraging tools like clinical decision support (CDS) systems and physician queries can improve patient care and ensure documentation integrity. Yet medical coders need to ensure they use automated guidance without overstepping into clinical decision-making, maintaining the integrity of both documentation and coding while avoiding potential misinterpretations or misrepresentations of a patient’s condition.
Review a study funded by the National Institutes of Health that has found adults who were hospitalized for a severe infection, such as respiratory infections or sepsis, were twice as likely to develop heart failure years later.
Q: Consider a patient who received a hysterectomy two days ago and was later admitted for severe acute abdominal pain around the surgical wound. When the wound was reopened, it was discovered that an instrument had been left in her body. The instrument was removed, and the wound was resutured. How would coders report this situation with ICD-10-CM codes?
With the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the population expected to grow, an overview of the disease may help you keep track of how to code instances of it. This article will cover the different types of diabetes mellitus and a few tips when coding it.
Treating providers can perform audio-only evaluation and management visits via telephone for patients who are at home thanks to the three-month telehealth extension through to March 31, 2025. But remember to follow the rules for audio-only visits in the final 2025 Medicare physician fee schedule.
A recent study published in BMC Public Health, found that patients in Colorado diagnosed with long COVID increasingly sought care from outpatient and specialist visits over hospital and emergency department visits.
This article wraps up our coverage of modifiers commonly used by pain management practices that are required by Medicare and private payers when a CPT procedure code on a claim isn’t detailed enough to precisely tell what service or procedure was provided. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The spectrum of myocardial injury, ischemia, and infarction represents a critical area in cardiology, which Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , explores in detail, integrating information from current clinical guidelines, diagnostic standards, and management strategies.
Q: Patient is a young but quite debilitated and oxygen-dependent female with a complex history and frequent hospitalizations. She currently presents with exacerbation of bronchiectasis secondary to Swyer-James unilateral emphysema, chronic postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following bronchiolitis obliterans in childhood, and superimposed bacterial pneumonia. Her condition is complicated by morbid obesity with a BMI of 42 and severe obesity hypoventilation syndrome with obstructive sleep apnea. How would this diagnostic note be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Because discrepancies among payers’ diagnostic standards can lead to documentation issues, coding errors, and denials, revenue integrity professionals are encouraged to increase collaboration between CDI, coding, and clinical staff when addressing varying criteria. Discover further how coders play a key role in analyzing criteria, identifying denial trends, and ensuring providers receive proper training and education.
Given the variety and complexity of surgical complications, coders should understand the nuances of differentiating between surgical complications and pre-existing conditions, stay up to date with coding guidelines, and familiarize themselves with ICD-10-CM chapters where complications codes are located. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Review a study published in a recent edition of Health Affairs that discovered which type of hospitals are not evaluating their AI tools internally for accuracy or potential biases and explored whether models developed in-house or by external developers were supported more by local evaluations.
Q: A 64-year-old established female patient visits the orthopedic office for ankle pain and swelling. She stepped off the curb yesterday afternoon to get the mail and missed a step, her sandal caught the edge of the curb and she rolled her right ankle. Physical examination shows notable swelling in the right ankle. Full range of motion, although patient complains of discomfort on extension and flexion. Able to weight bear. X-rays negative for fracture. Based on medical decision-making rules, what would this be coded as?
CMS recently published diagnosis code update files for discharges and patient encounters beginning on April 1, 2025, and through September 30, 2025. Learn about the revisions featured in the updated files.
Medicare or a private payer will ask physicians to put a modifier next to a CPT procedure code listed on their claims when the procedure code isn’t detailed enough to precisely tell what service or procedure was provided. We previously covered three modifiers commonly used by pain management practices. This article reviews three more modifiers commonly used by pain management practices. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
On November 1, 2024, CMS released its final rule describing calendar year 2025 policies and rates for Medicare’s Outpatient Prospective Payment System and the final rule was published in the Federal Register. This article is a comprehensive overview of all the major highlights, allowing coders to stay informed about key updates and navigate the changes throughout the year.
A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that even when patients agreed to be charged for queries sent though a portal, only a tiny fraction of these asynchronous encounters were billed. This article covers why e-visits may be difficult to bill.
A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that even when patients agreed to be charged for queries sent though a portal, only a tiny fraction of these asynchronous encounters were billed. This article covers why e-visits may be difficult to bill.
Because encephalopathy is a broad and complex syndrome that encompasses a wide range of brain disorders, Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , provides an in-depth review of the various forms of encephalopathy, their causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies, so that coders can effectively differentiate between the types and ensure accurate coding for optimal patient outcomes.
Our experts answer questions on reporting bronchiectasis and pneumonia with ICD-10-CM codes, coding diagnoses without clinical criteria, and documenting pressure injuries and wound care.
Although ICD-11 has not yet been adopted in the United States, various countries have implemented it to enhance their health data analysis, improve public health strategies, and foster international comparability. This article covers how other countries that have adopted ICD-11 are using their data.
For fiscal year 2025, ICD-10-CM Chapter 19 saw an addition of 18 new codes for poisoning by, adverse effect of, and underdosing of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunostimulant drugs. To properly apply these new codes, Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , breaks down the purposes of these medications and explains how the coding guidelines address the complex range of side effects these drugs can cause.
When a procedure code isn’t detailed enough to tell your payer precisely what service or procedure was provided, Medicare or the private payer asks physicians to put a modifier next to the procedure code listed on their claim. This article reviews three modifiers commonly used by pain management practices.
Given the variety and complexity of surgical complications, coders should understand the nuances of differentiating between surgical complications and pre-existing conditions, stay up to date with coding guidelines, and familiarize themselves with ICD-10-CM chapters where complications codes are located.
CMS recently published an update to the fiscal year 2025 ICD-10-PCS code set, available for discharges occurring from April 1 through September 30, 2025. Although CMS made no changes to the guidelines, the update includes 50 new codes, 12 deleted codes, and two new tables.
For fiscal year 2025, ICD-10-CM Chapter 19 saw an addition of 18 new codes for poisoning by, adverse effect of, and underdosing of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunostimulant drugs. To properly apply these new codes, Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , breaks down the purposes of these medications and explains how the coding guidelines address the complex range of side effects these drugs can cause.
Cheryl Ericson, RN, MS, CCDS, CDIP , explores why CMS will begin collecting data in 2025 to measure performance on the Hospital Harm from Acute Kidney Injury (HH-AKI) electronic clinical quality measures (eCQM), particularly for those who may be less familiar with eCQM.
Although advancements in treatment and early detection improve survival rates, the incidence of cancer diagnoses, including lymphoma, continue to rise. To reflect the growing number of cases and the complexity of neoplasms, new ICD-10-CM codes were introduced for fiscal year 2025. Learn how to capture each diagnosis with greater precision. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: Consider a patient who is readmitted for postoperative pain control after a lung transplant two days prior. How would coders report this type of surgical complication in ICD-10-CM? In general, what are the guidelines for coding pain as a surgical complication of transplantations?
The worldwide outpatient clinic market is projected to grow considerably in the next few years. Learn what key factors are driving the increase in demand for outpatient services.
Although ICD-11 has not yet been adopted in the United States, various countries have implemented it to enhance their health data analysis, improve public health strategies, and foster international comparability. This article covers how other countries that have adopted ICD-11 are using their data.
There are no CPT or CMS rules that prevent an emergency department clinician from reporting fracture and dislocation care services when that service is provided. However, a decision to do so can have significant ramifications. Learn about some of the factors that must be considered.
When a procedure code isn’t detailed enough to tell your payer precisely what service or procedure was provided, Medicare or the private payer asks physicians to put a modifier next to the procedure code listed on their claim. This article reviews three modifiers commonly used by pain management practices. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Penny Jefferson, MSN, RN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CDIP, CCS, CRC, CPHQ, CHDA, CRCR, ACPA-C , explores the complexities surrounding the classification of hospital admit types and the challenges caused by inconsistent definitions. By being aware of admit types, coders can ensure accurate reporting, benchmarking, and quality measurement.
Anemia is a complex condition to manage clinically and document accurately, yet proper diagnosis, documentation, and coding are critical for ensuring appropriate patient care and reimbursement. Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , explores the clinical aspects of anemia, including its definitions, types, causes, and management, while addressing the challenges in clinical documentation and coding.
Q: A patient with severe emphysematous bronchitis is hospitalized due to acute RSV bronchitis. He is noted to have a history for cerebrovascular accident with residual oropharyngeal dysphagia occurring in the past year and on day three of the hospitalization, he aspirated some of his breakfast during an episode of severe coughing. The patient’s RSV swab is now showing negative, so viral bronchitis is considered resolved, but patient continues to require treatment for secondary aspiration pneumonia, which is their main concern at this point, as well as acute hypoxic respiratory failure. He will require oxygen continuously. How would this diagnostic note be reported in ICD-10-CM?
When denials are not justified, coding compliance auditors participate in the preparation of appeals using the content of the medical record and official reference materials that justify the coding that was submitted. Discover more about the important role coding compliance auditors play in denials management. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
After the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission reviewed draft recommendations for 2026 payment updates, which included increases only for hospital inpatient and outpatient services, the commission was urged by the American Hospital Association to revise the recommendations. Learn what AHA is recommending instead before the commission meets again tomorrow morning.
When coding level-based evaluation and management services based on medical decision-making, the amount and/or complexity of data to be reviewed and analyzed is one element that may be used to reach a code. This article covers what that entails. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
The 2025 CPT code set includes new codes for synchronous audio-only and audio-video visits. These visits take place between a patient and a physician or other qualified healthcare professional. This article covers what you need to know about these new codes.
Telehealth rules and requirements from before the COVID-19 public health emergency were restored on January 1, 2025, but CMS will hang on to a few waivers. This article outlines several telehealth waiver extensions, as well as recent changes to telehealth law.
A study recently published in JAMA Network Open examined the effects of outpatient rehabilitation programs for patients with post-COVID-19 condition. Find out how the patients benefited from these programs.
To align subcategories for diagnosis coding with the DSM-5 classification subcategories for feeding and eating disorders, new ICD-10-CM codes were added in the FY 2025 update. Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , reviews the clinical criteria for affected disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica in adults, and rumination disorder.
Patients diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm, commonly known as cancer, are now living longer due to better treatments. In 2025, there are 47 new ICD-10-CM codes to be used to report lymphoma in remission. This article broadly reviews those new codes.
Although advancements in treatment and early detection improve survival rates, the incidence of cancer diagnoses, including lymphoma, continue to rise. To reflect the growing number of cases and the complexity of neoplasms, new ICD-10-CM codes were introduced for fiscal year 2025. Learn how to capture each diagnosis with greater precision.
Prolonged service codes give practices the opportunity to earn additional revenue when the treating clinician spends extra time on a patient’s care. Evaluation and management (E/M) office visit codes include prolonged service code for exclusive use with office E/M services. Learn some quick facts about prolonged service codes and E/M visits.
Follow the career journey of Patricia Shirley, CPC-I, CPC , who started as a front office staff member and advanced through billing and coding roles before transitioning to the CDI field. Her experience highlights the benefits of adaptability and continuing education, demonstrating how a solid foundation in coding and compliance can help improve patient care and ensure accurate clinical documentation.
Physicians and other qualified healthcare professionals have the flexibility to select an evaluation and management level based on either the complexity of medical decision-making or the total time spent on the date of the encounter. This article covers documenting E/M services based on time.
The major revisions to the coding guidelines for office/other outpatient evaluation and management visits are almost four years old. And yet, practices continue to face challenges when they document and report these services. This article outlines four actions to avoid and four challenges that practices face when they report these high-value, high-volume services.
Level-based evaluation and management services may be coded based on medical decision-making (MDM). To reach a code based on MDM, the documentation must support at least two out of the three elements. This article covers the first element: number and complexity of problems addressed at the encounter.
Black Book Research recently surveyed more than 4,000 health information management professionals about their concerns for the new year. Find out what issues are at the top of their minds for 2025.
Physicians and other qualified healthcare professionals have the flexibility to select an evaluation and management level based on either the complexity of medical decision-making or the total time spent on the date of the encounter. This article covers documenting E/M services based on time. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: A female patient previously had an inpatient stay due to severe enteritis secondary to the use of Keytruda for colon cancer that she was diagnosed with six months earlier. While she has had positive results to the medication, she presented to the ER last week due to severe abdominal bloating and cramping with diarrhea and stools with large amounts of mucous. She was dehydrated and hypokalemic upon inpatient admission and has a history of depression. Her discharge note indicates that her potassium levels and dehydration are normalized. How would this encounter be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Following questions from Congress on what steps the government should take to eliminate remaining barriers in accessing addiction treatment, the American Hospital Association noted two out of eight policy and regulatory barriers that currently impact inpatient facilities. Learn what the consequences could be if these barriers were addressed.
Genetic medicine is an emerging specialty coders will be faced with, and a basic foundation of the science and consequences of genetic anomalies will be helpful going forward. Realizing coders are not expected to be clinical, Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , shows how it will still be useful to know the basics.
Because multiple organ disfunction syndrome does not have a specific ICD-10-CM code, coders face the challenge of capturing the full complexity of the condition. Nevertheless, understanding the various organ systems involved and recognizing the specific dysfunctions can help coders accurately report the condition. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
If denials are not going anywhere anytime soon, increasing at an alarming rate, and causing organizations to close, how do hospitals ameliorate this issue? Hospitals, including coders, can work to stem it by understanding the different types of denials, the problems they pose, and the tactics required to fight them.
Patients diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm, commonly known as cancer, are now living longer due to better treatments. In 2025, there are 47 new ICD-10-CM codes to be used to report lymphoma in remission. This article broadly reviews those new codes.
CMS recently issued a proposed rule for 2026 that includes provisions aimed at limiting Medicare Advantage in-network cost-sharing for behavioral health services to be no greater than the traditional Medicare rates. Find out what the proposed behavioral health cost-sharing standards are in the proposed rule.
Enhanced care management codes for advanced primary care management services in the physician fee schedule proposed rule have been cleared. This article discusses the terms billing providers and their teams must meet when providing these services.
Coders should use particular care when selecting diagnosis codes, always selecting the most specific code possible, based on the clinician’s documentation. This article covers diagnosis coding guidelines to help avoid using vague or non-specific diagnosis codes that will likely result in denials. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: What were the AMA’s goals for revising evaluation and management (E/M) services that were implemented starting in January 2021 and continued in January 2023?
In a recent release published by the WHO and CDC, new estimates revealed cases of measles are surging worldwide due to inadequate immunization coverage. Coders should explore the implications of this outbreak, as they play a critical role in supporting healthcare systems manage vaccination efforts and protect public health.
Because substance use, abuse, and dependence are critical areas within healthcare that impact CDI and coding, Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , provides readers with an in-depth analysis of these conditions and emphasizes their clinical, diagnostic, and coding implications.
Q: A frail 74-year-old female presents with severe shortness of breath and hypoxia. She has a known history of smoking two or more packs per day for the past 40-50 years and has a complex history of chronic obstructive emphysema, centrilobular emphysema, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary hypertension. Her current hospitalization is due to MRSA pneumonia with planned discharge to home health for continued care. How would this diagnostic note be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Marc Hartstein, MA , brings together all the major highlights of Medicare’s newest Inpatient Prospective Payment System, allowing coders to stay informed about key updates and navigate the changes throughout the year.
Health information management occupies a pinnacle position in the revenue cycle, and although the span of coding’s influence throughout a healthcare organization is very broad, its effects can also be found in numerous revenue cycle spokes, including preregistration and scheduling, coverage approvals, and case management. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
CMS finalized its proposal to relax restrictions on complexity of care add-on HCPCS code G2211. The changes come in response to stakeholder concerns that the current CMS policy is disruptive to the way providers normally treat patients. This article covers how to prepare for this update.
Coding certification can offer valuable benefits across various medical roles, improving accuracy and communication in clinical settings. Hassan Rao, MD, CPC, CCS , explores how coding knowledge can specifically enhance the effectiveness of CDI physician advisors in optimizing documentation and compliance.
Assigning proper codes plays a role in the integrity of medical records, supports effective communication between healthcare providers, and safeguards a practice against compliance issues. This article discusses some common dermatological conditions and their respective ICD-10-CM codes/categories.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome presents a significant clinical challenge due to its rapid onset, high mortality rate, and complex management. Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , delves into the comprehensive aspects of ARDS to show how coders, alongside healthcare providers and CDI specialists, play an essential role in reporting the complete picture of the condition.
Genetic medicine is an emerging specialty coders will be faced with, and a basic foundation of the science and consequences of genetic anomalies will be helpful going forward. Realizing coders are not expected to be clinical, Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , shows how it will still be useful to know the basics.
Selecting a level of evaluation and management (E/M) service can be based on either the complexity of medical decision-making or the total time spent on the date of the encounter. Providers need to decide which to use. This article covers the pros and cons of both methods.
Assigning proper codes plays a role in the integrity of medical records, supports effective communication between healthcare providers, and safeguards a practice against compliance issues. This article discusses some common dermatological conditions and their respective ICD-10-CM codes/categories.
Q: Why is modifier -25 (Significant, Separately Identifiable Evaluation and Management Service by the Same Physician on the Same Day of the Procedure or Other Service) scrutinized?
A recent OIG audit estimates that Medicare improperly paid $190.1 million for outpatient services provided to hospice enrollees over five years. Learn how the audit was performed and why the payments were improperly made.
The changes proposed in the final rule for Medicare’s burgeoning behavioral health category have been finalized, expanding its purview beyond previous therapeutic models and even into digital care engaged by the patients themselves. Review those changes in this article.
A new separate payment is available under the FY 2025 IPPS for small, independent hospitals who choose to establish and maintain access to buffer stocks of essential medicines. Learn why this initiative was created and the potential impacts on future drug shortages.
Q: An elderly male patient has a rectal fistula with an abscess requiring complex packing of the wound. The most recent wound documentation reports “complex persistent rectal fistula with underlying abscess present, cultures show positive for E. coli and Klebsiella.” The patient will be administered daily IV antibiotics via a PICC line that has been placed. How would this encounter be reported in ICD-10-CM?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome presents a significant clinical challenge due to its rapid onset, high mortality rate, and complex management. Alba Kuqi, MD, MSHIM, RHIA, CCM, CRCR, CICA, CSMC, CSAF, CCS, CCDS, CDIP , delves into the comprehensive aspects of ARDS to show how coders, alongside healthcare providers and CDI specialists, play an essential role in reporting the complete picture of the condition.
An upcoming audit reviewing Medicare inpatient hospital billing for sepsis underscores the critical importance of accurate coding and clinical validation. With guidance from Leigh Poland, RHIA, CCS, CDIP, CIC , coders can help prevent costly coding errors, reduce the risk of audits, and ensure hospitals are appropriately reimbursed for the care they provide. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Trey La Charité, MD, FACP, SFHM, CCS, CCDS , invites a deeper understanding for diagnosing and documenting acute renal failure and any other related diagnoses—before exploring the plethora of denial strategies medical staff may face. Not to worry as there are opportunities for successful appeals!
With CMS publishing annual updated versions of its Medicare National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) Policy Manual, as well as quarterly updates to the individual NCCI edit files, it is often hard for facilities to keep up with the changes. This article details the latest updates, as well as provides insights on implementing NCCI-associated modifiers and tips for preventing and overriding common edits.
The concept of social determinants of health (SDOH) has transformed significantly, advancing from increased awareness to data integration and the development of tools and frameworks. This article explores the importance of integrating SDOH into the healthcare framework and the coding process, as well as best practices for leveraging this data to inform health interventions.
CMS implemented modifier -FS (Split [or shared] E/M visit) as part of a major revision to its rules for split/shared services on January 1, 2022. This article provides tips for using modifier -FS from top reporters as it approaches its third year of active status. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
To align subcategories for diagnosis coding with the DSM-5 classification subcategories for feeding and eating disorders, new ICD-10-CM codes were added in the FY 2025 update. Nancy Reading, RN, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I , reviews the clinical criteria for affected disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica in adults, and rumination disorder.
