Q: What steps should medical coders take to correctly code adverse drug effects in ICD-10-CM, and when should a provider query be submitted if documentation is unclear or unspecific?
In December 2023, the Office of the Inspector General published a toolkit for Medicare Advantage organizations who submit high-risk diagnoses, and it announced in January 2026 that an audit will be conducted on high-risk codes that the organizations submitted for 2024. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I, reviews the high-risk codes and emphasizes what to look for in the documentation to support coding practices.
According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. recorded 649 maternal deaths in 2024. While the total number of deaths declined slightly from 669 deaths in 2023, the overall maternal mortality rate showed no statistically significant improvement, highlighting ongoing challenges in maternal health outcomes.
Recovery auditors and payers have demonstrated an eagerness to exploit what providers routinely state in the medical record to facilitate additional DRG validation and medical necessity denials. Therefore, knowing what should not be said in a medical record is worth reviewing. To illustrate, Trey La Charité, MD, FACP, SFHM, CCS, CCDS, lists 10 things providers should never be documenting in the medical record.
From an inpatient coding perspective, vascular dementia may be documented for hospitalized patients because it coexists with other acute or chronic medical conditions. Accurate coding of the condition and its associated risk factors and complications will ensure the patient’s overall severity of illness and complexity of care are fully captured. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Changes to the Medicare provider-based billing requirements for off-campus outpatient departments are coming with the passage of the Consolidated Appropriations Act last month.
Modifiers -50, -RT, and -LT are laterality modifiers that clarify a CPT code by defining which side of the body the service was performed on. But knowing when to use them is not always immediately clear. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Radiation oncology is a specialty utilizing radioelements either externally or internally to treat medical conditions such as cancer. This article serves as a primer for coding radiation oncology services.
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease is a chronic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that often manifests with tumor-like masses and/or painless enlargement of multiple organs. Shontia Leon-Guerrero, CPC, CEDC, CEMC, CPC-I Educator, explores the general manifestations of the disease, its signs and symptoms, as well as key documentation tips and a coding scenario.
Review a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association that suggests respiratory syncytial virus poses a far greater long-term health risk to adults in the months following hospitalization than previously understood due to increased risks of complications for myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, congestive heart failure exacerbation, and arrhythmia.
Neonatal intensive care units provide care and additional medical attention for neonates who might be born prematurely, with low birthweight, with a medical complication, or with a congenital anomaly. Follow Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, as she delves into common services performed in these units and how they are reported with ICD-10-PCS codes.
When planning to implement a coding auditing program, the type of reviews, focus areas, and review frequency must all be taken into consideration, as each facet impacts the level of staffing required to conduct the reviews. Coding auditors should pick a few key elements to review, and the items should be of importance to your organization. Ideally, the topics will focus on issues that are frequent or require reassurance. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
For CPT and ICD-10-CM coding of fracture treatment, coders—particularly those in orthopedic practices—need to identify several vital pieces of information from the physician’s note. This article covers the keys pieces of information and other tips to ensure accurate coding of fracture treatment.
The February 4 issue of CMS’ MLN Matters outlines the January 2026 update to the hospital OPPS, including COVID-19 CPT code changes; new HCPCS codes for drugs, biologicals, and radiopharmaceuticals; and new unlisted skin substitute product HCPCS codes. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Practitioners work hard, especially when they perform critical care services. Training clinical and coding staff with real-world examples can make sure providers get full credit for their work. Share this case with staff and ask them to decide what services can be reported.
Review a study based on ICD-10-CM data from the National Vital Statistics System that shows life expectancy for the United States population increased to 79.0 years in 2024 while the mortality rate decreased by 3.8% to 722.1 deaths per 100,000 of the standard population in 2024. Also determined were leading causes of death.
Q: Why is pediatric malnutrition frequently underdocumented, and how can collaborative workflows improve documentation and coding accuracy as well as reduce queries?
A diagnosis of cancer becomes a pre-existing condition that will follow a patient for the rest of their life, but clinical records do not always provide the level of detail required to work within the framework set forward in the coding rules when it comes to reporting active neoplasms from personal history. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I, explores ICD-10-CM guidelines for such neoplasm scenarios.
Coders and billers may struggle to understand what the term medical necessity really means. Unfortunately, these two words can easily lead to misinterpretation and misunderstanding of what needs to be clearly communicated in a variety of healthcare areas. Learn common definitions of medical necessity, report types utilized in inpatient settings, and a query process in case more clinical detail is required. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Insurance companies are increasingly challenging the translation from the medical record to prebill coding, making the financial impact of denials and downgrades one of the most pressing issues facing health systems today. Given the wide-ranging harm occurring from delayed and reduced reimbursement, Dawn Valdez, RN, CCDS, CDIP, highlights how coders and CDI specialists can play a key role in decreasing denials and downgrades as well as successfully disputing these actions.
A number of Medicare telehealth flexibilities extensions in place until January 30, 2026, lapsed during the partial U.S. government shutdown that began January 31, 2026.
The CPT manual includes many types of biopsies: fine needle aspiration (FNA), core needle, and skin (tangential, punch, and incisional). This article focuses mainly on FNA biopsies and its complicated guidelines, while also touching on core needle biopsies.
The 2026 Outpatient Prospective Payment System final rule isn’t for the faint of heart. CMS finalized many of the major changes from the proposed rule, although the agency did pull back on certain key areas. With big shifts in compliance and reimbursement taking effect, coders have their work cut out for them.
Emergency department visits resulting in outpatient treatment increased sharply, while visits leading to inpatient admission did not—particularly among Medicaid patients—according to research recently published in JAMA Health Forum.
Due to all of the possible scenarios that come with a pregnancy, the reporting of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes must reveal the specific risks patients have so that procedures, services, and treatments can all be supported. Follow Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HIM/HI, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, as she outlines best practices for specifically reporting high-risk pregnancies.
Admit type continues to present a significant risk across hospital operations, driven by limited formal education and widespread misinterpretation of national standards. Penny Jefferson, MSN, RN, CCDS, CCDS-O, CCS, CDIP, CRC, CHDA, CRCR, CPHQ, ACPA-C, explains what admit type actually represents and how it directly influences quality outcomes, reimbursement, and organizational credibility.
A diagnosis of cancer becomes a pre-existing condition that will follow a patient for the rest of their life, but clinical records do not always provide the level of detail required to work within the framework set forward in the coding rules when it comes to reporting active neoplasms from personal history. Nancy Reading, BS, CPC, CPC-P, CPC-I, explores ICD-10-CM guidelines for such neoplasm scenarios.
Our experts answer questions about the multiple sclerosis medication administration, coding a crack cocaine overdose, and Medicare administrative contractors.
Take three steps when an assistant surgeon helps during a procedure. First, make sure an assistant-at-surgery modifier is appropriate for the procedure. Second, make sure the primary surgeon’s note explains why they needed the help of a qualified healthcare professional (QHP) or another physician for the procedure. Third, make sure you select the correct modifier, based on the assistant’s credentials and role.
Our experts answer questions on reporting postpartum hemorrhage; combining ICD-10-CM T codes for drug-related manifestations with Z, F, Y codes; and coding hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Medical coders work with many different code sets including CPT, HCPCS, ICD-10-PCS, and ICD-10-CM. This means coders need to be well-versed in medical terminology. One terminology not often talked about in coding circles is the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms—despite the system being around for more than 20 years.
A neonatal intensive care unit offers very specialized medical services and treatments to premature and critically ill neonates (i.e., babies 28 days old or younger). Review which ICD-10-CM and CPT codes may be used for providers assisting in this type of care.
Due to all of the possible scenarios that come with a pregnancy, the reporting of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes must reveal the specific risks patients have so that procedures, services, and treatments can all be supported. Follow Shelley C. Safian, PhD, MAOM/HIM/HI, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, as she outlines best practices for specifically reporting high-risk pregnancies.
Addressing the reliability of documentation, coding, and clinical reasoning underlying PSI flags is not simply a clinical safety imperative; it is a strategic business imperative. Priscilla Marlar, MHA, CSSBB, CPHQ, and John W. Cromwell, MD, suggest that achieving high reliability in quality data integrity starts with understanding the nuances of clinical documentation language and how those nuances are translated by CDI and coding teams into hospital billing codes.
A prognostic study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association raises concerns that AI models designed to predict hospital outcomes may appear far more accurate than they truly are due to a subtle but serious methodological error known as label leakage.
From concussions and cerebral contusions to complex intracranial hemorrhages and traumatic brain injuries, major head injuries encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and outcomes. Because of their complexity and potential for lasting impact, complete and compliant ICD-10-CM coding is essential to reflect the full clinical severity of these conditions. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register if you do not have a paid subscription.
Q: How do ICD-10-CM T codes work together with Z, F, and Y codes to fully capture drug-related conditions, and in what order should these codes be sequenced?
CMS released the fiscal year 2026 ICD-10-CM files for use for discharges and patient encounters occurring from April 1 through September 30, 2026. Take time to review the updates. Note : To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription.
Part B providers are facing a radically different reimbursement landscape in 2026. In the 2026 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule final rule, CMS moved ahead with many of the changes it floated in the proposed rule, including fundamental changes to how the conversion factor is calculated, relative value unit valuation, payments for skin substitutes, and more.
A study recently published in JAMA Network Open examined trends in outpatient mental health care among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
A neonatal intensive care unit offers very specialized medical services and treatments to premature and critically ill neonates (i.e., babies 28 days old or younger). Review which ICD-10-CM and CPT codes may be used for providers assisting in this type of care.
Q: What are the most common reasons postpartum hemorrhage is documented and coded inconsistently, and how can coders and clinicians help address these issues?
Collaboration can take many forms depending on the needs of an organization, but Leah Ainsworth, BSHIIM, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CCDS, shows how her department is just one of many to make coding and CDI work hand in hand to create meaningful impacts and ensure accuracy.
